Bison

Bison are large mammals, closely related to cows, whose ancestors evolved over 1 million years ago in Asia. They made it to North America a few hundred thousand years ago by crossing a land bridge that formed between what is now Russia and Alaska. Bison have cloven hooves, an herbivorous diet, and are well adapted to colder climates with their thick, shaggy coats. Bison are known for their strong, muscular bodies, large heads, and prominent shoulder humps, which are made of muscle and fat. Their curved horns and thick necks allow them to navigate through snow and harsh environments. They are very adaptable animals, and they even survive well in the heat of the summer months!

Bison are herbivores and primarily graze on grasses, sedges, and shrubs. They are adapted to eating tough vegetation and often graze on things like bluegrass, ryegrass, and other grasses found in the plains. They also feed on woody plants during the winter months when grasses are less abundant. Their digestive system is highly specialized, with a four-chambered stomach that helps the bison break down and absorb nutrients from tough and fibrous plants. Since these plants are not very dense in nutrients, Bison consume large amounts of food to sustain their energy levels, particularly during the winter when they need to store fat.

The American Bison faces several ongoing threats, including habitat loss, climate change, and diseases. During the 19th century, bison were nearly driven to extinction due to overhunting. By the end of the 1800s, only a few hundred bison remained in the wild. This has caused a lack of genetic diversity in today’s population, due to their small numbers from 200 years ago. In recent years, efforts such as conservation programs, wildlife protection laws, and the establishment of protected areas have helped bison populations recover from where they were, but they remain vulnerable to human encroachment and climate change that affects their habitats and food sources.

Although the American Bison is currently not at risk of extinction, ongoing efforts are still needed to ensure their long-term health and survival. The most important things you can do are support conservation organizations working to protect bison, support North American National Parks, learn about Bison and share your knowledge! Consider supporting organizations that work on preserving grasslands and bison habitats. A large percentage of bison live in Yellowstone National Park, meaning that by helping protect national parks, you are also helping save bison habitat. Also, if you live in an area with bison, respect wildlife regulations and avoid disturbing bison herds! If you visit national parks or wildlife refuges, be sure to observe bison from a safe distance and avoid feeding or approaching them.